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ILLOWA 2006 (Archive copy)
CLICK HERE to Read Abstracts PAPER SESSION 1A: 9.00AM – 10.45AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 110 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Semantic Relatedness Decision Task: Suppression,
Knowledge Activation, or Phonological and Orthographic skills AUTHOR(S):
Aimee
Bequette TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: Distractions and Memory Performance AUTHOR(S):
Meleia
Browning and James Tyrakowski TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: The Effect of Cell Phones in the Classroom AUTHOR(S):
Amanda
Leah Zulas, Rachel Jeffers, Chavon Fairbanks, and Jeff Grainger TIME: 9.45AM TITLE: Recall with Auditory Distractions AUTHOR(S):
Erin
Hall, Brian Camarata, Felicia Combs, and Michelle Martinez TIME: 10.00AM TITLE: The Effects of Music on the Stroop Task AUTHOR(S):
Tara
Levenhagen and Matt Hahn TIME: 10.15AM TITLE: The Effect of Gender on Incidental Information
Recall AUTHOR(S):
TIME: 10.30AM TITLE: The Effect of Word Emotionality and Arousal on
Word Recognition AUTHOR(S):
Kate
DiGrino, Lori Flynn, Kelsie Hinshaw, and April White PAPER SESSION 1B: 9.00AM – 10.30AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 210 BIOLOGICAL /SENSATION AND PERCEPTION TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Facial Perception and Its Possible Relation With
Personality AUTHOR(S):
Amy
Wiltshire TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: The Effects of Nicotine on Learning and Memory
in Two Rat Paradigms AUTHOR(S):
Nicholas
Harvey TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: Subliminal Presentation of Anxiety Related
Information and the Influence on Feelings of Anxiety AUTHOR(S):
Shannon
Healy TIME: 9.45AM TITLE:
Interactive
effects of Ethanol in Conjunction with 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy Substituted Phenethylamine
(2c-i) and Amphetamine (DOI). AUTHOR(S):
William
Hamlet TIME: 10.00AM TITLE: The Effect of Smell on Performance AUTHOR(S):
Aaron
Green, Jamie Kenzler, and Kevin Dunbar TIME: 10.15AM TITLE: The Effects of Instructed Response When
Attention is Divided Between Visual and Auditory Modalities AUTHOR(S):
Josie
Melton PAPER SESSION 1C: 9.00AM -10.45AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 213 SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Lost love letters: Milgram revisited AUTHOR(S):
Reynald
Peete and Sarah Cassidy TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: Big Five Personality Traits and Belief in Ghosts AUTHOR(S):
Rob
Kamerer TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: The Effects of Self-esteem on Friendship Choices AUTHOR(S):
Tyler
S. Higgs, Ranae Law, and Lindsay Higgins TIME: 9.45AM TITLE: Relationship between student characteristics and
interaction on Facebook AUTHOR(S):
Scotch
McClain and Lorna Werckman
TIME: 10.00AM TITLE: Who's using Facebook? Online social networking
in the college setting AUTHOR(S):
Krysti
Boden, Kristin Pankey, Andrea Knoll, and Britanny Ulrich TIME: 10.15AM TITLE: Does the amount of information disclosed
preclude negative feedback on Facebook? AUTHOR(S):
Cassie
Anderson, Cristin Conley, and Megan
Lewis TIME: 10.30AM TITLE: The Effects of Family Structure on an
Individual's Personality AUTHOR(S):
Diane
Yuraitis, Catherine Hoffken, and Jeffrey Miller PAPER SESSION 1D: 9.00AM – 10.45AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 206 SOCIAL/ATTRIBUTIONS TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Responses to Ingroup and Outgroup Rejection AUTHOR(S):
Amy
E. Smith and Bradley W. Gerber TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: Attention Paid to Attractive versus Unattractive
Authority Figures AUTHOR(S):
Wendy
Bednarz, Ashley Emory, and Kathryn Sibigtroth TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: Feeling Excluded by Foreign Language Speakers: Reactions to Ingroup and Outgroup Ostracism AUTHOR(S):
Yvonne
Munoz and Ryan Hanninen TIME: 9.45AM TITLE: The Influence of a Defendant’s Race and
Age on Jury Decisions AUTHOR(S):
Daniel
Rupp, Lauren Bakula, Nick Carreiro, and Amanda Edler TIME: 10.00AM TITLE: The Effects of Religious Attire on Impression
Formation AUTHOR(S):
Tyler
S. Higgs TIME: 10.15AM TITLE: Stereotyping in hiring practices: Urban versus
rural comparisons AUTHOR(S):
Lindsay
Donovan TIME: 10.30AM TITLE: Experience Biases in Attributions AUTHOR(S):
Adam
Thomas Biggs PAPER SESSION 2A: 1.15PM-3.00PM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 110 CLINICAL/HEALTH TIME: 1.15PM TITLE: Psychological Sequelae of Direct-To-Consumer Pharmaceutical
Advertisements AUTHOR(S):
Nate
Ewigman TIME: 1.30PM TITLE: The cancer is gone. What comes next? AUTHOR(S):
Kristin
Geary TIME: 1.45PM TITLE: A Curriculum Based Approach to Teaching
Handwashing to Second- Graders in the AUTHOR(S):
Amanda
Randall and Monica Gonzalez TIME: 2.00PM TITLE: Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a
New Adult Asthma Self-Management Program AUTHOR(S):
Scott
Tenney TIME: 2.15PM TITLE: Examination of the Relationship between Aromatherapy,
Human Emotion and Heart Rate AUTHOR(S):
Elizabeth
Diviney and Rachel Heininger TIME: 2.30PM TITLE: Assessing Mental Health Knowledge and Symptoms AUTHOR(S):
Jennifer
M. Banks TIME: 2.45PM TITLE: Stigma Exploration: Attitudes Toward Treatments
of Mental Illness AUTHOR(S):
Christie
Nelson PAPER SESSION 2B: 1.15PM-2.45PM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 210 SOCIAL TIME: 1.15PM TITLE: Attitudes about Others AUTHOR(S):
Erin
Bedford, Erita Bennett, and Joanna Byrdak TIME: 1.30PM TITLE: Face-ism, familiarity, and trait attributions AUTHOR(S):
Jenna
Kline, Heather Thornton, and Pam Gottschalk TIME: 1.45PM TITLE: The impact of sibling relationships as role
models on college student’s perceived career barriers AUTHOR(S):
Lacey
Hatch TIME: 2.00PM TITLE: Children of Divorce: Views on Platonic and Romantic
Relationships AUTHOR(S):
Wendy
Bulthuis, Alison Schuler, Richard Sichelski, and Lora Harshbarger TIME: 2.15PM TITLE: The Effect of Feedback on Belongingness Threat AUTHOR(S):
Brandy
Mowen, Yvonne Munoz, Dawn Presley, and Amber Bowling TIME: 2.30PM TITLE: Does Acquaintance Moderate Accuracy of Judgments
of Values and Beliefs? AUTHOR(S):
Ryne
Sherman PAPER SESSION 2C: 1.15PM-2.45PM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 213 SOCIAL: SEX, ATTRACTION AND RELATIONSHIPS TIME: 1.15PM TITLE: The Impact of Sexual Attractiveness on the
Perception of One's Relationship AUTHOR(S):
Jared
Weston TIME: 1.30PM TITLE: Drugs, Sex, and Rock ’n’ Roll and
Engaging in Sexual Coercion AUTHOR(S):
Ann
Paul and Valerie Leibert TIME: 1.45PM TITLE: The Effects of Sexual Experience on College
Students’ Beliefs about the Sacredness of Sex AUTHOR(S):
Stephanie
Kandlik TIME: 2.00PM TITLE: Love at First Insight: Self-Esteem and Partner's
Disclosure in Initial Dating AUTHOR(S):
Michael
Knobeloch TIME: 2.15PM TITLE: Placebo alcohol and sexual arousal levels in
females AUTHOR(S):
Victoria
Bures TIME: 2.30PM TITLE: Validity Evidence for the Attitudes Toward
Nontraditional Relationships Scale AUTHOR(S):
Erita
Bennett PAPER SESSION 2D: 1.15PM – 2.45PM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 206 SOCIAL:
SPORTS, PERFORMANCE, DEVELOPMENTAL TIME: 1.15PM TITLE: The Effects Of Imagery On Soccer Performance AUTHOR(S):
Annette
Mihun TIME: 1.30PM TITLE: Getting Riled Up: Prototypes, Aggression and
Competitiveness Levels as Differentiated amongst Athletes and Position AUTHOR(S):
Devin
McQuillan and Adam Biggs TIME: 1.45PM TITLE: Masculinity, heterosexism, and sports AUTHOR(S):
Anthony
McClenathan TIME: 2.00PM TITLE: “Parting Is Such Sweet Sorrow”: The
Empowering Effect of Mixed Emotions AUTHOR(S):
Kim
Reeves TIME: 2.15PM TITLE: Going Hi-Tech AUTHOR(S):
Rebecca
Tadlock TIME: 2.30PM TITLE: A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship
between Religious Fundamentalism and Aggression/Hostility. AUTHOR(S):
Luther
Kalb PAPER SESSION 1A: 9.00AM – 10.45AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 110 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Semantic Relatedness Decision Task:Suppression,
Knowledge Activation, or Phonological and Orthographic skills AUTHOR(S):
Aimee
Bequette SPONSOR:
.
Raymond Majeres INSTITUITION:
Three different theories
explaining performance on a semantic relatedness decision task were tested. The
decision task creates interference by pairing homopohones with a semantically
incongruent word (i.e. FLEW-ILLNESS, COLONEL-CORN). Participants must decide
whether the word pairs presented are related to each other. The inefficient
suppression mechanisms of poor readers theory assumes some participants can't
suppress irrelevant word meanings as well as others.The knowledge activation
theory assumes participants will better attend to words they are more familiar
with.The orthographic and phonological skills theory assumes a participant's
basic skill level will predict decision task performance. Varying degrees of
evidence found support for knowledge activation and orthographic and
phonological skills. TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: Distractions and Memory Performance AUTHOR(S):
Meleia
Browning and James Tyrakowski SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
According to the Information
Processing Model, recall is more difficult when distractions occur at the same
time as the target information. Previous
studies have shown that when music, temperature, or lighting is tampered with
during a test, the number of correct answers significantly decreases. Although these types of environmental
distractions have been studied, few researchers have investigated the effects
of common classroom distractions, which was the purpose of our study. Participants were college students who
were given a reading comprehension test.
They were randomly assigned to two conditions created by exposing
participants to a confederate. In
one condition, the confederate tapped his pencil against the desk, coughed, and
talked on a cell phone. In the
other condition, the confederate quietly worked on his test. We hypothesize that the participants who
are exposed to classroom distractions will score significantly lower on the
reading comprehension test than those who did not encounter the distractions. TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: The Effect of Cell Phones in the Classroom AUTHOR(S):
Amanda
Leah Zulas, Rachel Jeffers, Chavon Fairbanks, and Jeff Grainger SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
According to Jones and Macken (1993), distractions in the classroom such as auditory disruptions can interfere with the encoding of memory and make it difficult to recall information. This irrelevant-sound effect disrupts attention, and perception because it draws the listener’s attention away from the relevant material. In this study we used the idea of the irrelevant-sound effect to find out if cell phones were truly a distraction in the learning process. College students listened to a lecture about qualities of compatible romantic partners according to an online matchmaking service. During the presentation, a confederate behaved in one of three ways: answered his cell phone and had a conversation, turned his cell phone off after it rang twice, or listened quietly to the presentation. After the presentation, participants completed a test over the information presented. Our hypothesis is that the longer the cell phone usage, the lower the participants’ test scores will be.
TIME: 9.45AM TITLE: Recall with Auditory Distractions AUTHOR(S):
Erin
Hall, Brian Camarata, Felicia Combs, and Michelle Martinez SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
The precategorical acoustic
stage theory (Gathercole et al., 1983) explains that acoustic information
contributes to recall. Previous
research in this area has focused on the influence of loud, obnoxious sounds on
memory. However, we wanted to
investigate how quiet, calming sounds might also affect the recall
process. Participants were given
one minute to memorize a list of 20 school-related words. During the memorization task,
participants were exposed to one of two types of sound via random assignment. One group of participants heard loud
traffic noise, and the other group of participants heard soft, nature
sounds. Participants were
subsequently presented with a list of 40 school-related words and instructed to
circle the words that they recalled from the first list. Results are expected to show that
participants exposed to the low-level auditory distractions (nature sounds)
will have more accurate recall than participants exposed to the high-level
auditory distractions (traffic sounds). TIME: 10.00AM TITLE: The Effects of Music on the Stroop Task AUTHOR(S):
Tara
Levenhagen and Matt Hahn SPONSOR:
Stuart
Tousman INSTITUITION:
The purpose of the current
study was to determine if there was a difference in inhibition when personality
and music distractors were paired with the Stroop task. Participants were
conveniently gathered from classes at a local college. A total of 70
participants were given the congruent and incongruent Stroop tasks in a
counterbalanced order, followed by a personality scale which determined if they
were introverted or extroverted. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that
participants in the no music condition had greater inhibition than those with
music (P<.05). Possible reasons for the difference in our results could be
associated with the participants’ age, preference in music, or ability to
attend to a demanding task. TIME: 10.15AM TITLE: The Effect of Gender on Incidental Information
Recall AUTHOR(S):
SPONSOR:
Greg
Bohemier INSTITUITION:
A study was performed to
compare differences in how much incidental information each gender recalls from
television commercials. We defined incidental information as data a person picks
up without consciously paying attention to it. Three neutral commercials were
shown to 37 undergraduate TITLE: The Effect of Word Emotionality and Arousal on
Word Recognition AUTHOR(S):
Kate
DiGrino, Lori Flynn, Kelsie Hinshaw, and April White SPONSOR:
Greg Bohemier INSTITUITION:
The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of word emotionality and arousal on word recognition. Thirty-one undergraduates were tested using a lexical decision task in which the word stimuli were equated for word frequency, emotional arousal, and word length using Bradley and Lang’s Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) (1999). An analysis of the reaction times to words revealed that participants were faster to recognize a positive emotional word compared to a neutral or negative emotional word. The implications and plans for further research are discussed. PAPER SESSION 1B: 9.00AM – 10.30AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 210 BIOLOGICAL /SENSATION AND PERCEPTION TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Facial Perception and Its Possible Relation
With Personality AUTHOR(S):
Amy
Wiltshire SPONSOR:
Corrinne
Lim-Kessler INSTITUITION:
Previous research has shown
that the right hemisphere is used more in the processing of human faces (Burt
and Perrett, 1997). College
students were asked to evaluate faces to measure which hemisphere they used to
perceive faces that were whole or faces that had their eyes covered.
Personality was also measured using a personality inventory. Chi-square revealed significant
differences (p < .05) for perceiving faces in the right hemisphere for
non-covered faces but not the covered faces. Neuroticism was positively correlated (p
= .02) with non-covered faces while extroversion was positively correlated (p =
.02) with covered faces. This shows
the functional relationship of the right hemisphere and facial perception. TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: The Effects of Nicotine on Learning and Memory
in Two Rat Paradigms AUTHOR(S):
Nicholas
Harvey SPONSOR:
Marsha
Dopheide INSTITUITION:
Research demonstrates the
importance of ACh in learning and memory. Present experiments wished to
determine whether nicotine (a nAChR agonist) enhances learning and memory using
neophobia and object recognition. In the neophobia paradigm, 29 water-deprived
Long-Evans rats received nicotine or saline (0.6mg/kg, i.p.), were presented
with a novel sucrose solution, and then administered LiCl or saline (0.1mg/kg
i.p.). The next day, rats were tested for consumption of the solution. Results indicated that nicotine did not,
as expected, enhance retention of LiCl-induced nausea and its association with
the solution. In the object recognition paradigm, rats underwent two trials.
Rats were first administered nicotine or saline, placed in a box, and presented
with two identical objects. The next day, one familiar object and a novel object
were presented. Although not significant (p=.07), the direction of the means
suggest nicotine enhanced memory for the familiar object. TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: Subliminal Presentation of Anxiety Related
Information and the Influence on Feelings of Anxiety AUTHOR(S):
Shannon
Healy SPONSOR:
Joan
Wertz INSTITUITION:
The purpose of this
experiment was to demonstrate that subliminal messages could increase a
person’s physical and psychological anxiety level. There were a total of 36 participants
with 29 females and 7 males volunteering from various TIME: 9.45AM TITLE:
Interactive
effects of Ethanol in Conjunction with 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy Substituted Phenethylamine
(2c-i) and Amphetamine (DOI). AUTHOR(S):
William
Hamlet SPONSOR:
Heather
Hoffmann INSTITUITION:
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
(2c-i) is a mescaline analogue which is growing in popularity among a
sub-culture of recreational drug users. The present study sought to examine
potential interaction effects between 2c-i and 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine
(DOI, a control drug) with ethanol, specifically expecting characteristic
effects of the compound, such as an increase in locomotion, to be exaggerated
in the presence of ethanol treatment. Paradigms to assess overall intoxicating
effects and general behavioral changes were applied to detect said differences.
A single-factor ANOVA revealed no significant differences between the total
neurological deficit score and group; however it did approach significance, F
(1, 4) = 1.674, p=0.17. Results do indicate several trends, including changes
in locomotion, curiosity, and traction reflex, due to the addition of ethanol
to drug treatment. The trends could be the result of an interaction between
these compounds, thus affirming the hypothesis. TIME: 10.00AM TITLE: The Effect of Smell on Performance AUTHOR(S):
Aaron
Green, Jamie Kenzler, and Kevin Dunbar SPONSOR:
Greg
Bohemier INSTITUITION:
The purpose of this study was
to test the effect of smell on performance. We hypothesized that different
background smells would have a modulating effect on the use of fine motor
skills as measured by the number of completed peg assemblies in a Purdue
Pegboard task. Ninety-six participants,
who were assigned to one of three groups, were presented with one of three
possible smells, a pleasant smell (strawberry shortcake), a neutral smell
(natural room scent), and an unpleasant smell (stink-bait). The results showed
that participants subject to an unpleasant smell made significantly fewer peg
assemblies than participants subject to a neutral or pleasant smell.
Implications of these results will be discussed. TITLE: The Effects of Instructed Response When
Attention is Divided Between Visual and Auditory Modalities AUTHOR(S):
Josie
Melton SPONSOR:
Kristin
Larson INSTITUITION:
Thirty-seven PAPER SESSION 1C: 9.00AM -10.45AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 213 SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Lost love letters: Milgram revisited AUTHOR(S):
Reynald
Peete and Sarah Cassidy SPONSOR:
John
Halpin INSTITUITION:
Our experiment used a
modification of Milgram’s original lost letter technique. The original technique involved the
experimenter dropping pre-addressed envelopes (half containing letters and half
containing metal slugs) around a neighborhood to measure the honesty of that
particular neighborhood. Our
experiment is similar to Milgram’s in that we also used anonymously
addressed letters but different in the sense that our envelopes contained love
letters and they were randomly placed in the mailboxes of TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: Big Five Personality Traits and Belief in
Ghosts AUTHOR(S):
Rob
Kamerer SPONSOR:
Tim
Kasser INSTITUITION:
The purpose of this study was
to determine which Big Five personality factors correlate with belief in
ghosts. We hypothesized that openness to experience and neuroticism would
positively correlate with belief in ghosts while extroversion and
conscientiousness would negatively correlate with belief in ghosts.
Participants in the study were students at TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: The Effects of Self-esteem on Friendship
Choices AUTHOR(S):
Tyler
S. Higgs, Ranae Law, and Lindsay Higgins SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
The current study tested the
hypothesis that low self-esteem (SE) individuals are more likely to befriend
low SE others. Previous research
has shown that low SE increases a persons’ need for acceptance (Dittes,
1959), indicating that SE may effect friendship choices. A 2 (Participant SE: positive vs.
negative) x 2 (Target SE: positive vs. negative) between-subjects design was
utilized. Desire to befriend the
target was the dependent variable.
Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and an intelligence
test. Participants received bogus
positive or negative intelligence feedback as a SE manipulation. Participants then rated their
desire to befriend either a high or a low SE target. A univariate analysis of variance
(ANOVA) indicated neither main nor interaction effects. There was no significant correlation
between the subject variables and desire to befriend the target. It is possible that baseline, rather
than barometric, self-esteem is a more accurate predictor of a person’s
friendship choices. TIME: 9.45AM TITLE: Relationship between student characteristics
and interaction on Facebook AUTHOR(S):
Scotch
McClain and Lorna Werckman
SPONSOR:
John
Halpin INSTITUITION:
The purpose of the experiment
was to find if use of Facebook influences social interactions on the TIME: 10.00AM TITLE: Who's using Facebook? Online social networking
in the college setting AUTHOR(S):
Krysti
Boden, Kristin Pankey, Andrea Knoll, and Britanny Ulrich SPONSOR:
Tami
Eggleston INSTITUITION:
The purpose of this research
was to discover if there are any personality types related to facebook; for
instance, are users prone to have lower self-esteem. In addition, we looked at
the usage of facebook including addictions and information disclosure. Before
our survey was conducted very little research was found concerning this topic.
Participants used in this study were students at a small Methodist based
undergraduate college. The students were asked to fill out a survey consisting
of 35 questions including demographics, TITLE: Does the amount of information disclosed
preclude negative feedback on Facebook? AUTHOR(S):
Cassie
Anderson, Cristin Conley, and Megan
Lewis SPONSOR:
Greg
Bohemier INSTITUITION:
A study was performed to
examine online social network behavior.
We were particularly interested in testing if a positive correlation
exists between personal information disclosure and online social harassment.
One hundred college students were given a questionnaire measuring their
perceptions on rules of conduct and behavior on a social networking service
called FACEBOOK. The results showed
that people who reveal more personal information are (1) likely to be socially
harassed, and (2) demonstrate involvement in online social harassment.
Additional findings and their implications will be discussed. TIME: 10.30AM TITLE: The Effects of Family Structure on an
Individual's Personality AUTHOR(S):
Diane
Yuraitis, Catherine Hoffken, and Jeffrey Miller SPONSOR:
Greg
Bohemier INSTITUITION:
A study was performed to
measure differences in personality trait patterns of individuals raised in
traditional or non-traditional families.
Thirty-seven participants (29 females and 8 males) raised by two
different types of families (traditional and non-traditional) were assessed in
their pattern of personality traits using the Self-Portrait Test developed by
Multi-health Systems Inc ( PAPER SESSION 1D: 9.00AM – 10.45AM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 206 SOCIAL/ATTRIBUTIONS TIME: 9.00AM TITLE: Responses to Ingroup and Outgroup Rejection AUTHOR(S):
Amy
E. Smith and Bradley W. Gerber SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
The purpose of this study was
to examine how people are affected by being rejected by members of an ingroup
vs. members of an outgroup.
Participants interacted with four confederates on a group task while
wearing the same colored t-shirt as all confederates (ingroup condition) or
wearing a different colored t-shirt than the confederates (outgroup
condition). After the interaction,
participants received bogus feedback reflecting that they were either liked by
the group members (inclusion condition) or disliked by the group members
(exclusion condition). Next,
participants completed several dependent measures: withdrawal from the group, desire to
work harder in the group, derogation of other group members, attitudes toward
the group, and threatened psychological needs. We expect that participants excluded by
an outgroup will be more likely to withdraw and derogate the group. Participants who are excluded by an
ingroup are expected to work harder, have positive attitudes toward the group,
and report more threatened needs. TIME: 9.15AM TITLE: Attention Paid to Attractive versus
Unattractive Authority Figures AUTHOR(S):
Wendy
Bednarz, Ashley Emory, and Kathryn Sibigtroth SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
According to the “What
is beautiful is good hypothesis” (Dion, Berschied, & Walster, 1972),
individuals who are attractive are perceived as desirable and successful more
so than unattractive people. The purpose of the study was to determine whether
attractiveness affects the amount of attention one pays to an authority
figure. Participants were
videotaped while a presentation was given by an authority figure under two
conditions: attractive
(professionally dressed and careful appearance) and unattractive (casual dress
and sloppy appearance). Respondents were then given a questionnaire to assess
their memory of topics presented and their self-perceived level of
attentiveness. The videotapes were
coded for attentiveness in terms of number of times each participant looked at
the presenter and how long each participant looked at the presenter. The results are expected to show that
participants paid more attention to the presenter and, thus, remembered more
about the presentation when she was attractive as compared to unattractive. TIME: 9.30AM TITLE: Feeling Excluded by Foreign Language Speakers: Reactions to Ingroup and Outgroup Ostracism AUTHOR(S):
Yvonne
Munoz and Ryan Hanninen SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
Previous research has
demonstrated evidence for conflicting responses to social exclusion: withdrawal-oriented behaviors and
prosocial behaviors. The purpose of
this study was to investigate one possible explanation for these contradictory
findings: status of the excluding
group. We hypothesized that people
who were excluded from an ingroup would engage in sociotropic behavior while
those who were excluded from an outgroup would withdraw from the group. Participants interacted in a chat room
with two confederates pretending to be college students from different
universities. By random assignment,
participants were excluded from the discussion by the confederates speaking
French, Spanish, Czech, or English, or were included in the discussion. Results indicated that participants
excluded via a foreign language reported a greater desire to withdraw from the
group, more negative attitude toward the group, and less identification with
the group than those who were included or excluded in English. TIME: 9.45AM TITLE: The Influence of a Defendant’s Race and
Age on Jury Decisions AUTHOR(S):
Daniel
Rupp, Lauren Bakula, Nick Carreiro, and Amanda Edler SPONSOR:
Kristine
M. Kelly INSTITUITION:
While substantial research
has been conducted relating certain attributes of a criminal defendant to juror
decision-making, much of the available data is inconclusive. Some studies have found that the race of
a defendant can affect a juror’s verdict (Jones & Kaplan, 2003). Other studies have come to the opposite
conclusion, finding no race-based juror bias overall (Kemmelmeier, 2005). Studies have also had varying outcomes
in determining whether a defendant’s age affects a juror’s decision
(Warling, 2003). This study was
designed to determine whether defendant race and age have independent or
interacting effects on juror decision-making. Participants were asked to read a brief
vignette describing the robbery of a convenience store, with the race and age
of the defendant varied across four different versions. The participants then recorded a verdict
and recommended a sentence. It is
expected that the results will indicate bias against younger, black defendants,
compared to white or older defendants. TITLE: The Effects of Religious Attire on Impression
Formation AUTHOR(S):
Tyler
S. Higgs SPONSOR:
INSTITUITION:
The current study expands
previous research on impression formation (e.g., Chia & Jih, 1994). Thirty participants formed initial
impressions of women wearing religious or non-religious t-shirts or necklaces.
A 2 (Type of Depiction: religious vs. neutral) by 2 (Strength of Depiction:
t-shirt vs. necklace) within-subjects design was implemented. The dependent
variable was participants’ ratings of the targets on 11 traits (e.g.,
Caring, Aggressive, and Generous), and completed basic demographic items to
assess their religious and political affiliation, religiosity, and
spirituality. Participants viewed targets wearing the religious t-shirt as more
religious and more moral than targets in the other conditions. Also, religious
participants were less likely to percieve a person wearing a religious t-shirt
as being religious. It is possible that religious participants perceived the
targets in the religious t-shirt condition as being insincere about their
religion. TIME: 10.15AM TITLE: Stereotyping in hiring practices: Urban versus
rural comparisons AUTHOR(S):
Lindsay
Donovan SPONSOR:
Kristin
Larson INSTITUITION:
A study looking at the hiring
practices of applicants and the differences between urban and rural areas was
conducted. The variables that were analyzed were race, education level,
criminal status, and gender. Also the amount that a participant was willing to
admit that he or she was using the four variables to stereotype the applicants
was analyzed. Statistically significant results were found to show that urban
areas and rural areas do differ in the stereotyping of applicants on all four
variables. It was also found that people were not willing to admit their
stereotyping of applicants on all of the variables except criminal status. TIME: 10.30AM TITLE: Experience Biases in Attributions AUTHOR(S):
Adam
Thomas Biggs SPONSOR:
Dr.
Murella Bosse INSTITUITION:
Attributions made by individuals without complete information often allow for biases to overwhelm logic and affect interpretations. In this study, 237 participants were examined for variances between their attributions toward amateur and experienced individuals cooking food. They were presented a survey that included four scenarios of incorrect or correctly prepared food and asked to evaluate each section as to the most probable rationale for the food being prepared as it was, being internal or externally responsible. Significant differences among perceptions and impressions were found granting the experienced cook nearly four to one internal versus external reasons whereas if incorrect, the ratio was nearly one to one. As for the amateur cook, the reasons vary far less dramatically, but either ranged approximately one and a half to one. These results allude to another attributional bias dictated by the knowledge, or rather perception of experience in the individual whom they are evaluating. PAPER SESSION 2A: 1.15PM-3.00PM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 110 CLINICAL/HEALTH TIME: 1.15PM TITLE: Psychological Sequelae of Direct-To-Consumer
Pharmaceutical Advertisements AUTHOR(S):
Nate
Ewigman SPONSOR:
Tim
Kasser INSTITUITION:
How do pharmaceutical
advertisements ‘work’ psychologically? What effect does exposure to
PAs have on the consumer/patient? DTCA capitalizes on pre-existing American
cultural beliefs about health and illness to present a persuasive message via
idealized biomedical standards. Social Comparison Theory states that exposure
to idealized messages facilitates comparison on the part of the consumer to the
idealized standard (Richins 1995). The result of this comparison is the
creation of a discrepancy between the advertised biomedical standard and the
actual consumer. Self-Discrepancy Theory (Higgins 1987) proposes that
discrepancy between the actual self and an ‘other’ presentation of
self (e.g. what you ought to be) engenders negative affect. To rid of this
undesirable feeling, Higgins (1987) proposes that an attempt to reduce the
discrepancy follows. The intended modus operandi for discrepancy-reduction on
the part of the advertisement is for the viewer to buy the product. TIME: 1.30PM TITLE: The cancer is gone. What comes next? AUTHOR(S):
Kristin
Geary SPONSOR:
Frank
McAndrew INSTITUITION:
Few studies have been
completed on the issues cancer survivors may face following completion of their
treatment (Moulton, 2000). This study uses information gained from interviews
with twenty cancer survivors who were treated with chemotherapy to attempt to
answer questions concerning the post-treatment effects of chemotherapy. These
questions deal with classically conditioned anticipatory symptoms (nausea,
vomiting, and emotional distress) in response to chemotherapy and their
persistence after treatment has ceased and a cancer-free diagnosis has been
given. It was demonstrated that classical conditioning can explain this
phenomena. TIME: 1.45PM TITLE: A Curriculum Based Approach to Teaching
Handwashing to Second- Graders in the AUTHOR(S):
Amanda
Randall and Monica Gonzalez SPONSOR:
Stuart
Tousman INSTITUITION:
The purpose of the present
research was to assess if a 5-week curriculum could improve the handwashing
skills and reduce absenteeism for 248 second-graders in an TIME: 2.00PM TITLE: Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a
New Adult Asthma Self-Management Program AUTHOR(S):
Scott
Tenney SPONSOR:
Stuart
Tousman INSTITUITION:
The purpose of the research
was to develop, implement and evaluate a new adult asthma self-management
program. The structure of the
program included multiple long duration meetings with small groups of adults
with asthma. Participants were
asked to practice asthma specific behaviors (including peak expiratory flow
monitoring, avoidance/removal of asthma triggers, and controller medication
adherence) and general lifestyle behaviors (including drinking water,
practicing relaxation, washing their hands and exercising). Techniques used to change behavior
included a behavior modification procedure based on social-cognitive theory and
an interactive learner centered small group communication style. Outcomes included statistically
significant improvements in asthma knowledge, asthma specific quality of life,
asthma symptoms, asthma specific behaviors and general life style behaviors.
These results provide evidence that this new adult asthma self-management
program can lead to both knowledge acquisition and behavioral changes. Such outcomes are essential for
reducing asthma morbidity and asthma mortality. TIME: 2.15PM TITLE: Examination of the Relationship between
Aromatherapy, Human Emotion and Heart Rate AUTHOR(S):
Elizabeth
Diviney and Rachel Heininger SPONSOR:
John
Halpin INSTITUITION:
This study was designed to
assess the olfactory impact of the essential oils of frankincense and lavender
on human emotions and heart rate in 30 voluntary Eureka College Students. The study used a split-plot factorial
design. Each participant was
randomly assigned to one of three independent groups and then was connected to
an electrical shock machine in a cubicle containing either one of the two odors
or no odor. Measures of heart rate
and emotion were given before and after five-minute exposure to the odor. Lavender caused a significant decrease
in heart rates, whereas frankincense only caused a slight decrease in heart
rates. Both odors produced a
decrease in fear. Findings indicate
that the properties of these essential oils can produce effects on human
emotion and heart rate. TIME: 2.30PM TITLE: Assessing Mental Health Knowledge and Symptoms AUTHOR(S):
Jennifer
M. Banks SPONSOR:
Robert
C. Intrieri INSTITUITION:
The purpose of this study was
to investigate participant’s knowledge of mental health symptoms and
disorders. Data were collected from 100 participants drawn from the psychology
department human subject pool. Participants were provided with a series of
written scenarios describing common mental health disorders. Data were
collected to assess the accuracy of their judgments about each condition. In
addition, participants responded to questions assessing their current mental
health, experience with mental health providers, and basic demographic
information. Results assessed judgments accuracy for each mental health
disorder. Total judgment accuracy was correlated with levels of mental health
distress. TIME: 2.45PM TITLE: Stigma Exploration: Attitudes Toward Treatments
of Mental Illness AUTHOR(S):
Christie
Nelson SPONSOR:
Kristin
Larson INSTITUITION:
This research examined
attitudes toward the following treatments of mental illness: counseling,
medication, and a combination of counseling and medication. After reading a
personal statement, applicants were asked to rate on a Likert-scale how well
the applicant would be able to cope with academic and social aspects as well as
how successful the applicant would be in a college setting. It was hypothesized
that individuals with a treatment involving counseling and medication would be
viewed as least able to cope with college life. Also, it was hypothesized that
those on medication would be viewed as less able to cope than those in
counseling. The findings suggest that an individual’s overall ability to
cope to a college setting does not differ based on the different treatments. PAPER SESSION 2B: 1.15PM-2.45PM HALDEMAN-THIESSEN 210 SOCIAL TIME: 1.15PM TITLE: Attitudes about Others AUTHOR(S):
Erin
Bedford, Erita Bennett, and Joanna Byrdak SPONSOR:
INSTITUITION:
The purpose of the study was
to measure the effect casual and formal clothing had on how people are
perceived. Participants viewed
pictures of models either dressed in casual clothing or formal clothing. The pictured models were the same in both
conditions with the only difference being their clothing. The participants then rated the models
on traits such as power/aggression and friendliness. It was predicted that the formally
dressed models would be rated higher than the casually dressed models on the
power/aggression subscale, while the casually dressed models would be rated
higher on the friendliness subscale.
TIME: 1.30PM TITLE: Face-ism, familiarity, and trait attributions AUTHOR(S):
Jenna
Kline, Heather Thornton, and Pam Gottschalk SPONSOR:
John
Halpin INSTITUITION:
Face-ism is defined as the
relative prominence of the face in depictions of men and women. Previous research indicates that men are
depicted with greater facial prominence than women and that the face-ism effect
emerges in the evaluation of unfamiliar stimuli. This study hypothesized that face-ism
would also emerge in perceptual ratings of familiar stimuli. Questionnaires measured perceptions
along twelve attribute domensions for known and unknown faces and bodies. A face-ism effect was not found in
overall ratings or in those for emotional attributes. In dominant attributes, however, a
face-ism effect was found for men, particularly in rating known stimuli. TIME: 1.45PM TITLE: The impact of sibling relationships as role
models on college student’s perceived career barriers AUTHOR(S):
Lacey
Hatch SPONSOR:
Marsha
Dopheide INSTITUITION:
One hundred and seven college students were recruited to participate in a study about the relationship between older sibling role models and perceived career barriers. It was expected that the strength and valence (i.e., whether the relationship was positive or negative) of the sibling relationship would impact the younger sibling’s amount of perceived career barriers. More specifically, individuals who had positive affect toward, positive behaviors toward, or positive cognitions about their older siblings were expected to perceive fewer obstacles based on ethnicity, gender, and physical characteristics when working in their future career. |