SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR THE THIRD TEST
OCTOBER 28, 1998
1. The stimulus that triggers a stereotyped behavior is called A. a goal. B. a releaser. C. imprinting. D. a drive.
2. A change in behavior that is the result of experience is called A. instinct. B. releasing mechanism. C. stereotyping. D. learning. 3. An example of a simple kind of learning is A. a taxis. B. habituation. C. a fixed action pattern. D. a sign stimulus. 4. Imprinting A. illustrates the interaction of heredity and environment. B. is confined to a brief sensitive period in the individual's early life. C. is permanent once it is established. D. all of these
5. A benefit of social organization may be A. protection from predators. B. cooperation in hunting for food. C. to facilitate contact between males and females. D. all of these.
6. The function of territoriality may be A. to reduce intraspecific fighting. B. to ensure food supply. C. for mating and rearing of young. D. all of these.
7. Pheromones are A. internal secretions that influence behavior. B. external secretions that influence behavior. C. rare in insects. D. disruptive to normal behavior.
8. Aggressive behavior between sexual rivals A. is rare in mammals. B. is characteristically nonviolent and ritualized. C. usually results in death or injury of one opponent. D. is rare among social animals.
9. A territory A. is a defended area from which animals of the same species are excluded. B. is a defended area from which animals of all species are excluded. C. is the same as an animal's home range. D. is much more common among mammals than birds.
10. The modification of a behavior through evolution to make it a more effective in communication is called A. pair bonding. B. habituation. C. ritualization. D. sensitization.
11. The ____________ are the most highly territorial of the vertebrates. A. birds B. mammals C. fish D. reptiles
12. Much of an animal's behavior is triggered by a few key signals called ____________.
13. The invariable, predictable, stereotyped behavior of animals that does not require learning is called ____________ behavior.
14. A simple kind of learning in which there is a reduction or elimination of a response in the absence of any reward or punishment is called ____________.
15. One kind of learning behavior, illustrated by goslings that will follow the first moving object they see (usually their mother) is called ____________.
16. The social ranking that serves to reduce social tensions within a social order, first described in chickens, is called a ____________.
17. A fixed area from which intruders of the same species are excluded is called a ____________.
18. The undefended area over which many mammals move in their daily travels is called a ________.
19. The female silkworm moth makes her presence known to male moths by releasing into the air a sex attractant called a ____________.
20. Honeybees communicate the location of food resources by two types of dances, the round dance and the ____________ dance.
21. Asexual reproduction is A. common throughout the animal kingdom. B. common in the vertebrates but less common in invertebrates. C. common in the lower invertebrates but rare in higher invertebrate phyla and vertebrates. D. common in invertebrates but absent or rare in the vertebrates.
22. Sexual reproduction A. is the general rule in the animal kingdom. B. provides genetic variability. C. usually involves two parents. D. all of these
23. Parthenogenesis A. literally means "virgin origin." B. is known to occur in several invertebrate groups and even in certain reptiles. C. is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg. D. is all of the above.
24. The correct sequence in oogenesis is A. ootid, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, oogonium, ovum. B. primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, ootid, oogonium, ovum. C. oogonium, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, ootid, ovum. D. oogonium, ootid, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, ovum.
25. Gametogenesis is the A. union of an egg and a sperm. B. formation of eggs by the female and sperm by the male. C. cleavage of the embryo. D. menstrual cycle in the female.
26. The Deuterostomia are a grouping of animals that are characterized in their development by having A. spiral cleavage. B. mosaic development. C. radial cleavage D. the mesoderm develop from a special blastomere called the 4d cell. 27. Embryonic induction A. is an uncommon phenomenon in development. B. involves a pattern whereby a primary inducer stimulates a specific developmental pattern in one tissue and results in numerous secondary inductions. C. is a master control system that is nonsequential. D. usually does not operate by cell-to-cell contact.
28. The method of asexual reproduction in which the body of the parent is divided into two equal parts is called ____________.
29. The development of an embryo from an egg without the participation of a spermatozoon is called ___________.
30. Animals that have both male and female organs in the same individual are called ____________.
31. In reptiles and birds the reproductive and excretory ducts empty into the ________.
32. During oogenesis, a primary oocyte divides and produces a secondary oocyte and the _________.
33. The outermost layer of differentiating sex cells in the testis, called ________, divide by ordinary mitosis.
34. The abnormal entrance of more than one sperm into an egg, normally prevented by the fertilization membrane, is called _______________.
35. The cortical reaction that follows fertilization causes a hardening of the vitelline envelope to produce the __________________.
36. According to the binomial system of nomenclature, the Aedes in Aedes vexans refers to the A. species. B. genus. C. family. D. class.
37. Which of the following terms is not relevant to cladistic systematics? A. synapomorphy B. monophyly C. adaptive zone D. cladogram
38. Which of the following distinguishes a phylogenetic tree from a cladogram? A. It is a branching diagram. B. It depicts the nested hierarchy of clades within clades. C. Synapomorphies are needed to construct it. D. Its structure denotes real lineages that occurred in the evolutionary past.
39. A taxon is paraphyletic if it A. includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants. B. includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and some but not all of its descendants. C. excludes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group. D. none of the above
40. Which of the following is no longer an important criterion for species recognition? A. common descent B. smallest distinct grouping of organisms C. reproductive community D. possession of defining organismal features
41. Which of the following concepts of species is most compatible with the goals of cladistic systematics? A. typological B. biological C. evolutionary D. phylogenetic
42. Which of the following best describes the phylogenetic position of the single-celled eukaryotic organisms? A. They form a monophyletic phylum, the Protozoa, within the kingdom Animalia. B. They form a monophyletic kingdom, the Protista, separate from the kingdom Animalia. C. They form a monophyletic group within the Monera. D. They do not form a valid monophyletic taxon at any level of the Linnaean hierarchy.
43. Animals with bilateral symmetry A. can be divided into similar halves by any plane through the longitudinal axis. B. are usually very slow-moving organisms. C. are relatively simple in structure. D. are better adapted for forward movement than radially symmetrical organisms.
44. An enterocoelous animal has A. a true coelom. B. a pseudocoelom. C. no coelom.D. a schizocoelom.
45. Vertebrates have A. bilateral symmetry. B. eucoelomate body plan. C. tube-within-a-tube body plan. D. all of these.
46. Character similarity that results from common ancestry is called ______________.
47. The method that we use to determine which state of a character is ancestral and which are derived is called __________________.
48. A derived character shared by members of a clade is formally called a __________________.
49. A branching diagram that presents the nested hierarchical pattern of clades within clades is called a _____________.
50. "A single lineage of ancestor-descendant populations which maintains its identity from other such lineages and which has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate" describes the ____________________.
51. "An irreducible (basal) grouping of organisms, diagnosably distinct from other such groupings, and within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descentA" describes the ______________________.
52. The differentiation of a head end is found mainly in bilaterally symmetrical animals and is called _____________.
53. In animal symmetry, the term that designates the back side of the animal is _______________.
54. In animal symmetry, __________ parts are farther from the middle of the body than some point of reference.
55. The ________ plane divides an animal into right and left halves.
56. The type of body cavity which surrounds the gut, but is not lined with mesoderm is the _____________.
57. The serial repetition of similar body segments along the longitudinal axis of the body is called ___________.
58. Formation of a coelom by splitting of mesodermal tissue is termed __________________ formation.
