BIOLOGY 206, GENERAL ZOOLOGY
    Fall 1998

 


                    CITATION FORMATS FOR
        SCIENTIFIC PAPERS


The citation format most often used in science is the name-year system;to cite your sources use the most appropriate system listed below.  Italiacs are used only for scientific names.

Journal/magazine article
Journal/magazine article with no identifiable author
Newspaper article
Newspaper article with no identifiable author
Full text article found on the Web
Book
Book Chapter
Research Paper
Government report
World Wide Web Resources

Journal/magazine article
Author(s). Publication year. Article title. Journal title volume:pages.
Example
Smith, D.C. and J. Van Buskirk. 1995. Phenotypic design, plasticity and ecological performance in two tadpole species. American Naturalist 145:211-233.

Journal/magazine article with no identifiable author
Anonymous. Publication year. Article title. Journal title volume:pages.
Example
Anonymous. 1976. Epidemiology for primary health care. International Journal of
Epidemiology 5:224-225.

Newspaper article
Author(s). Date (Year/Month/Day). Article title. Newspaper title Section:page:column.
Example
Bishop, J. E. 1982 November 4. Do flies spread ills or is that claim merely a bugaboo?   The Wall Street Journal 1:1:4.

Newspaper article with no identifiable author
Anonymous. Date (Year/Month/Day). Article title. Newspaper title Section:page:column.
Example
Anonymous. 1977 September 6. Puffin, a rare seabird, returns to where many were
killed. The New York Times 3:28:1.

Full text article found on the Web
Author(s). Publication year. Article title. Journal title [Type of medium], volume(issue, if given):pages or indicator of length. Available Protocol (if applicable): Site/Path/File [Access date].
Example
Redway, Jacques W. 1923. Disease Carriers: Biological and Geographical. Ecology [Online], 4(4):335-340. Available: http://www.jstor.org [December 23, 1997.]

Book
Author(s). Publication year. Book Title, edition if known. Publisher, Place of publication, number of pages in the book (not the pages you used).
Example
Purves, W.K., G.H. Orians and H.C. Heller. 1995. Life: The Science of Biology, 4th edition.  Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA, 1195 pp.

Book Chapter
Author(s). Publication year. Chapter title. In: Book title (Author(s)/editors, first name first), Place of publication, pages.
Example
Jones, C.G. and J.S. Coleman. 1991. Plant stress and insect herbivory: Toward an integrated perspective. In: Responses of Plants to Multiple Stresses (H.A. Mooney, W.E. Winner & E.J. Pell, editors), Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 249-280.

Research Paper
Author. Publication year. Title.  Place of publication,
number of pages. Available from: Culver-Stockton College, Canton, MO. Number XX
Example
Zimmerman, Steve.  1997.  Habitat relationships among benthos freshwater macroinvertebrates.  Available from:  Culver-Stockton College, Canton, MO. No. 243.

Government report
Author/Agency (if no author). Publication year. Title. Publisher, Place of publication, number of pages.
Example
Mitchell, R.G., N.E. Johnson and K.H. Wright. 1974. Susceptibility of 10 spruce species and hybrids to the white pine weevil (=Sitka spruce weevil) in the Pacific Northwest.   PNW-225. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, D.C., 8pp.

World Wide Web Resources
Author(s)/editor(s). Creation date/update. "Title." Available: Site/Path/File [Date
visited: MM/DD/YY].
Example
Mark, Zsolt. February 13, 1998. "Biology Department at Tufts University." Available:
http://www.tufts.edu/as/biology/index.html [Date visited: 2/15/98]

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